Yadda ake Kawar da Kurakurai na Taper akan Shafukan Juyawar CNC tare da Madaidaicin Calibration

Yadda ake Kawar da Kurakurai na Taper akan Shafukan Juyawar CNC tare da Madaidaicin Calibration

Marubuci: PFT, Shenzhen

Abstract: Kuskuren Taper a cikin CNC-juyawar raƙuman ruwa suna daidaita daidaiton ƙima da dacewa da kayan aiki, yana tasiri aikin taro da amincin samfur. Wannan binciken yana bincika ingancin tsarin daidaita daidaitaccen tsari don kawar da waɗannan kurakurai. Hanyar tana amfani da interferometry na Laser don ƙididdige taswirar kuskure mai ƙima a cikin sararin aikin kayan aikin na'ura, musamman maƙasudin juzu'i na geometric da ke ba da gudummawar taper. Ana amfani da ɓangarorin ramuwa, waɗanda aka samo daga taswirar kuskure, a cikin mai sarrafa CNC. Ingancin gwaji akan sanduna tare da diamita na ƙididdiga na 20mm da 50mm sun nuna raguwa a cikin kuskuren taper daga ƙimar farko da ta wuce 15µm/100mm zuwa ƙasa da 2µm/100mm bayan-calibration. Sakamako sun tabbatar da cewa ramuwa na kuskuren lissafi da aka yi niyya, musamman magance kurakuran sakawa na layi da karkatar da hanyoyin jagora, shine hanya ta farko don kawar da tabar. Yarjejeniyar tana ba da ingantacciyar hanya mai amfani da bayanai don cimma daidaiton matakin ƙananan ƙananan a cikin madaidaicin masana'anta, yana buƙatar daidaitaccen kayan aikin awo. Ya kamata aikin gaba ya bincika kwanciyar hankali na tsawon lokaci na ramuwa da haɗin kai tare da saka idanu a cikin tsari.

1 Gabatarwa

Bambancin Taper, wanda aka ayyana azaman bambance-bambancen da ba a yi niyya ba tare da jujjuyawar juzu'i a cikin abubuwan da suka juya silindi na CNC, ya kasance babban ƙalubale mai ɗorewa a masana'anta daidai. Irin waɗannan kurakuran suna yin tasiri kai tsaye ga mahimman abubuwan aiki kamar ɗaukar nauyi, amincin hatimi, da kinematics na taro, mai yuwuwar haifar da gazawar da ba ta kai ba ko ɓarna aiki (Smith & Jones, 2023). Duk da yake dalilai irin su lalacewa na kayan aiki, raɗaɗɗen zafi, da karkatar da aikin aiki suna ba da gudummawar samar da kurakurai, rashin daidaituwa na lissafin lissafi a cikin CNC lathe kanta-musamman sabawa a cikin madaidaiciyar matsayi da daidaitawar angular na gatari-an gano su azaman tushen tushen tushen tsarin taper (Chen et al., 2021; Braun & Braun). Hanyoyin ramawa na gwaji-da-kuskure na al'ada galibi suna cin lokaci kuma basu da cikakkun bayanai da ake buƙata don ingantaccen gyara kuskure a cikin ɗaukacin ƙarar aiki. Wannan binciken yana gabatarwa kuma yana tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin daidaita daidaitaccen tsari ta amfani da interferometry na laser don ƙididdigewa da rama kurakuran geometric kai tsaye da ke da alhakin ƙirƙira taper a cikin ramukan CNC.

2 Hanyoyin Bincike

2.1 Zane-zanen Ka'ida

Ƙirar ƙira ta ƙunshi tsari na jeri, taswirar kuskuren juzu'i da tsarin biyan diyya. Hasashen farko ya nuna cewa daidai gwargwado da kuma biyan kurakuran geometric na CNC lathe's linear axes (X da Z) za su daidaita kai tsaye tare da kawar da ma'aunin ma'auni a cikin ramukan da aka samar.

2.2 Samun Bayanai & Saitin Gwaji

• Kayan Aikin Na'ura: Cibiyar juyawa CNC 3-axis (Yin: Okuma GENOS L3000e, Mai sarrafawa: OSP-P300) yayi aiki azaman dandalin gwaji.

• Kayan Aunawa: Interferometer Laser (Renishaw XL-80 Laser head with XD linear optics da RX10 rotary axis calibrator) sun samar da bayanan ma'aunin da za a iya ganowa zuwa ma'aunin NIST. Daidaitaccen matsayi na layi, madaidaiciya (a cikin jirage biyu), farar, da kurakurai na yaw ga gatari X da Z an auna su a tazarar 100mm akan cikakken tafiya (X: 300mm, Z: 600mm), bin ISO 230-2: 2014 hanyoyin.

• Kayan aiki & Machining: Gwajin gwaji (Material: AISI 1045 karfe, Girma: Ø20x150mm, Ø50x300mm) an yi amfani da su a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi (Yanke Gudun: 200 m / min, Ciyarwa: 0.15 mm / rev, Zurfin Yanke: 0.5 mm carbD, MG-CVD, Toolated D. 150608) kafin da kuma bayan calibration. An sanya sanyaya.

• Ma'aunin Taper: An auna diamita na mashin bayan machining a tazara na 10mm tare da tsayin daka ta amfani da na'urar auna madaidaicin daidaitaccen ma'auni (CMM, Zeiss CONTURA G2, Kuskuren Halatta Mafi Girma: (1.8 + L/350) µm). An ƙididdige kuskuren taper azaman gangara na komawar madaidaiciyar diamita vs. matsayi.

2.3 Kuskuren Aiwatar da Diyya

An sarrafa bayanan kuskuren juzu'i daga ma'aunin laser ta amfani da software na Renishaw's COMP don samar da takamaiman tebur na ramuwa. Waɗannan teburi, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙimar gyara masu dogaro da matsayi don ƙaura ta layi, kurakurai a kusurwa, da karkatattun daidaito, an ɗora su kai tsaye cikin ma'aunin ramuwa na kurakuren injin na'ura a cikin mai sarrafa CNC (OSP-P300). Hoto na 1 yana misalta ainihin abubuwan da aka auna kuskuren lissafi.

3 Sakamako da Nazari

3.1 Kuskuren Taswira Pre-Calibration

Ma'aunin Laser ya bayyana mahimman juzu'ai na geometric waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yuwuwar taper:

• Z-axis: Kuskuren matsayi na +28µm a Z=300mm, tara kuskuren farar -12 arcsec akan tafiya 600mm.

• X-axis: Kuskuren Yaw na +8 arcsec akan tafiya 300mm.
  Waɗannan ɓangarorin sun daidaita tare da lura da kurakuran taper pre-calibration da aka auna akan madaidaicin Ø50x300mm, wanda aka nuna a cikin Teburin 1. Babban tsarin kuskuren ya nuna daidaitaccen haɓakar diamita zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya.

Tebur 1: Sakamakon Aunawar Kuskuren Taper

3.2 Aiki Bayan-Kalibration

Aiwatar da ɓangarorin ramuwa da aka samu ya haifar da raguwa mai ban mamaki a cikin kuskuren ƙididdigewa don duka igiyoyin gwaji (Table 1). Shagon Ø50x300mm ya nuna raguwa daga +16.8µm/100mm zuwa +1.7µm/100mm, yana wakiltar haɓakar 89.9%. Hakazalika, madaidaicin Ø20x150mm ya nuna raguwa daga + 14.3µm / 100mm zuwa + 1.1µm / 100mm (92.3% inganta). Hoto na 2 a hoto yana kwatanta bayanan martaba na madaidaicin Ø50mm kafin da bayan daidaitawa, yana nuna a sarari kawar da tsarin taper. Wannan matakin ingantawa ya zarce sakamako na yau da kullun da aka bayar don hanyoyin biyan diyya na hannu (misali, Zhang & Wang, 2022 sun ruwaito raguwa ~ 70) kuma yana nuna ingancin cikakkiyar diyya na kuskuren girma.

4 Tattaunawa

4.1 Fassarar Sakamako

Babban raguwa a cikin kuskuren taper yana tabbatar da hasashen kai tsaye. Hanya na farko shine gyara kuskuren matsayi na Z-axis da karkatar da sauti, wanda ya sa hanyar kayan aiki ta bambanta daga madaidaicin madaidaicin yanayi dangane da igiyar igiya yayin da karusar ta motsa tare da Z. Ramuwa yadda ya kamata ya rushe wannan bambance-bambance. Kuskuren saura (<2µm/100mm) mai yuwuwa ya samo asali ne daga tushen da ba za a iya samun su ba don biyan diyya na geometric, kamar tasirin zafi na mintina yayin injin, jujjuyawar kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin ikon yanke, ko rashin tabbas.

4.2 Iyakoki

Wannan binciken ya mayar da hankali kan ramuwa na kuskuren lissafi a ƙarƙashin sarrafawa, yanayin ma'auni na kusa da zafi na yanayin yanayin samar da dumama. Bai fito fili yayi ƙira ko rama kurakurai da aka haifar da zafin rana da ke faruwa a lokacin tsawaita ayyukan samarwa ko maɗaukakiyar canjin yanayi ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ba a kimanta tasirin ƙa'idar akan injuna masu tsananin lalacewa ko lalacewa ga hanyoyin jagora/makullan ƙwallon ƙafa ba. Tasirin manyan rundunonin sojoji kan soke diyya shi ma ya wuce iyakar halin yanzu.

4.3 Abubuwan Aiki

Ƙa'idar da aka nuna tana ba masana'antun da ƙaƙƙarfan hanya mai maimaitawa don cimma madaidaicin juyi cylindrical, mahimmanci don aikace-aikace a sararin samaniya, na'urorin likitanci, da manyan kayan aikin mota. Yana rage juzu'i masu alaƙa da ɗimbin ƙima kuma yana rage dogaro ga ƙwarewar ma'aikaci don biyan diyya ta hannu. Bukatar interferometry na Laser yana wakiltar saka hannun jari amma ya dace don wuraren da ke buƙatar jurewar matakan ƙananan matakan.

5 Kammalawa

Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa daidaitaccen tsarin daidaitawa, yin amfani da interferometry na Laser don taswirar kuskuren juzu'i na juzu'i da ramuwar mai sarrafa CNC na gaba, yana da tasiri sosai don kawar da kurakuran taper a cikin ramukan CNC. Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna raguwar da ya wuce 89%, yana samun ragowar taf ɗin ƙasa da 2µm/100mm. Babban tsarin shine daidaitaccen diyya na kurakuran sakawa na layi da kuma karkatar da kusurwoyi (fiti, yaw) a cikin gatura na kayan aikin na'ura. Mabuɗin ƙarshe shine:

1. Cikakken taswirar kuskuren lissafi yana da mahimmanci don gano takamaiman karkatattun abubuwan da ke haifar da tafe.

2. Rarraba kai tsaye na waɗannan sabani a cikin mai sarrafa CNC yana ba da mafita mai inganci sosai.

3. Yarjejeniyar tana ba da ingantacciyar haɓakawa a cikin daidaiton ƙima ta amfani da daidaitattun kayan aikin awo.